Corporate Social Responsibility, By Chantelle Daka Id Number

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY By Chantelle Daka ID Number:26267 CONTENTS Contents 2 Introduction 2 About CSR 4 How it is connected to the strategic purpose of an organisation 4 Result of CSR in reference to various stake holder group expectation’s (good and poor cases) 6 Conclusion 8 Bibliography 9 INTRODUCTION Corporate social responsibility (CSR) also known as corporate conscience and corporate citizenship according to Investopedia (2014). It is becoming a hugely applied concept and is a central area in business decision making (Cochran, 2007). According to the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (2014) CSR is described as the ongoing commitment by organisations/businesses to contribute to the economic development while improving the quality of life of the stake holders as well as the community and society as a whole. CSR involves organisations going beyond focusing entirely on how to maximize profits, to being more committed to building a better society. Social progress, economic development/production and environmental preservation are the three fundamental keys to sustainable development. While there are various definitions on CSR, this report will outline what is meant by the term â€Å"CSR† and how it is connected to the strategic purpose of an organisation. It will also critically asses the results of CSR in reference to various stakeholder expectation’s looking at both good and bad

Summary Of Our Heroes Tale - 1925 Words

*INSERT TITLE* Our heroes tale begins in the small magical community of Enchantia, situated deep within the Enchanted Rainbow Forest, far away from normal civilization. This forest is thick with massive trees that bare a multitude of differently coloured leaves and vegetation as far as the eye can see. Even though the forest is expansive, the vegetation manages to remain fairly well kept, giving off a peaceful and calm vibe. Scattered throughout the forest are large caves (some containing treasure!) and other small animal communities. But, this story is not about the other communities, it is about Enchantia and its residents. In particular, the small green dragon who goes by the name of Grassy, and her best friend: Fluffy, the tiny†¦show more content†¦The idea that maybe they should leave their calm little community and go on the largest adventure they could think of. It would lead them to new, interesting, exciting, and unexplored lands; lands where they could live out their wildest dre ams. They would have to venture into completely unknown territory, that could potentially pose a threat to the two friends. But nonetheless they decided that they would take the day to prepare and leave by morning of the next day. Come morning, the duo of friends were both very eager to embark on this adventure. Since there were no maps of this secluded area, they decided that to start this adventure they would pick a direction and just walk until they found something interesting. After a few hours of talking, walking, and occasional snacking, the two creatures stumbled upon the entrance of a large and somewhat dark looking cave. I m not too sure I want to go in there Grassy, it looks pretty dangerous. What if we get hurt? Remarked Fluffy. Grassy, being the more courageous one of the duo, managed to convince Fluffy by reminding her, We wanted an adventure right? Well, a dark and unexplored cave is the best place to start! You know what Grassy, you’re right. This cave looks rife with adventure! And so, they entered the cave, leaving all worry and hesitation behind them at the entrance. After a few quiet minutes of walking down the cave, they reached the main cavern. TheShow MoreRelatedReview Of Big Fish Epic 1559 Words   |  7 Pagesdistraught and suicidal woman dangling from a ledge. Even though heroes differ in their departure, initiation, and return, they are still heroes nevertheless. Edward Bloom, a brave and compassionate man in the twentieth century, and Odysseus, a clever warrior living around 200 BC, share many important characteristics, yet have many differences in the departure, initiation, and return of their journey. Despite these dissimilarities, both are heroes in their own individual worlds. One important differenceRead MoreThe Lotos-Eaters by Tennyson1443 Words   |  6 Pagesin the poem, he says, Death is the end of the world...life all labor be? I think he meant that life is hard to live; there are so many obstacles, so many wrong turns, and you can never go back and change anything. II. Analysis of Poem A. Summary The poem is about the journey of Odysseus to the Land of the Lotus Eaters. Here they encounter a race of creatures known as the Lotophagi (lotus eaters). They[Lotophagi] spend their days in a daze, literally. This was the effect of the lotusRead More The Lotos-Eaters By Tennyson Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pagespoint in the poem, he says, â€Å"Death is the end of the world...life all labor be?† I think he meant that life is hard to live; there are so many obstacles, so many wrong turns, and you can never go back and change anything. II. Analysis of Poem A. Summary The poem is about the journey of Odysseus to the Land of the Lotus Eaters. Here they encounter a race of creatures known as the Lotophagi (lotus eaters). They[Lotophagi] spend their days in a â€Å"daze†, literally. This was the effect of the lotusRead MoreOur Iceberg Is Melting : Changing And Succeeding Under Any Conditions1634 Words   |  7 PagesAbout the Authors Our Iceberg Is Melting: Changing and Succeeding Under Any Conditions is a fable written by John Kotter and Holger Rathgeber. Dr. John Kotter was a professor at Harvard but is now retired. Known as the â€Å"world’s foremost leadership and change guru† (Kotter and Rathgeber, 2005, p. 147), Kotter is involved in many organizations that help others drive change and leadership. Kotter has written multiple successful books about utilizing change and leadership for self-growth. HolgerRead MoreHero s Journey And Characteristics1650 Words   |  7 Pagesancient tale, such as in Beowulf and Grendel. But as we also saw, the hero’s potential is present in everyone with no regard of times. As such, when studying modern stories, we can see that aspects of hero’s journey are still a major theme. In The Matrix, Neo, an average hacker, who might not be seen as a hero in the first place will soon show all characteristics to become one. As a result we would study in th is paper how The Matrix as a modern tale with aspects of the hero’s journey, heroes’ archetypesRead MoreThe Role Of Achievement Motivation1732 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES 5.1 SUMMARY Over the years there has been hue and cry on industrial development in Nigeria. But the focus was mainly on the governments’ contribution and its activities like intervention policies and program to realize this goal. Furthermore, huge budgetary allocation designated, and plunged into the sector notwithstanding, only modest success, if any had been recorded. Consequent upon this, this research topicRead More A Comparison of Oedipus and Odysseus Essay1901 Words   |  8 PagesSimilarities Between Oedipus and Odyssues      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Since the beginning of time epic tales have been passed on from generation to generation as a form of entertainment.   Even though each epic is different in its plot, every epic has certain features in common.   The prime example of their similarities is their main character, the hero of the epic.  Ã‚   The heros behavior changes from the beginning to the end of the tale.   Since the plot revolves around the epic hero, in most cases, they are made to seemRead MoreTeaching Middle and High School Students Literature7100 Words   |  29 PagesSelection c) Short Story Selections 1. Suggested Activities to use with Various Groups II. Oral Tradition Literature – Tall Tales and Folktales a) Analyze characteristics and plots of Folktales and Tall Tales b) Understanding Hyperbole c) Writing a Tall Tale d) Selections of Oral Tradition Literature III. Novel Studies a) Previewing the novel b) Defining andRead MoreThe Tragic Hero and the Tragic Story in William Shakespeares Writing2842 Words   |  12 Pagesessentially a tale of suffering and calamity, conducting the hero to death. Shakespeares tragic heroes will be men of rank, and the calamities that befall them will be unusual and exceptionally disastrous in themselves. The hero falls unexpectedly from a high place, a place of glory, or honor, or joy, and as a consequence, we feel that kind of awe at the depths to which he is suddenly plunged. Thus, the catastrophe will be of monumental proportions. A tale, for exampleRead MoreAncient Celtic Mythology: a Vision of Gods and Goddesses2139 Words   |  9 Pagesor narrators, really are. The Celtic gods and goddesses, in such an early mythological time defined as ‘a period when beings lived or events happened such as one no longer sees in our days (Sjoestedt 1994: 2), require much analysis. A diverse collection of documents, literature and archaeology pave the way to our understanding of the ancient mythology of the Celts. However, these traces lack a sense of closure, leaving the investigation into the nature of these gods and goddesses raw and incomplete

Using Technology for Corpus Studies

Question: Write about theUsing Technology for Corpus Studies. Answer: English Language and Linguistics The data chosen is the one on American Soap Opera. The tool of analysis will be the use of word clouds. The technological application in this analysis is found to be vital so as to get the best outcome from the data and in so doing, realize the best combinations. American Soap is a good data set as it contains huge volumes of data to be used. The fact that it can be analyzed by all other tools helps us see the disadvantage or advantage of using a tool on a particular data set. Word cloud is a graph of word frequency in a particular given text. They are easy to generate. They work with the sense that the most frequent word appears largest and the size of other words decreases with relative decrease in frequency. In this view American soaps would be interesting as they are practical. Word clouds are appealing to the eye and thus have slim chances for human error (Lee, Riche, Karlson Carpendale, 2010) In the analysis of the American soap operas using word cloud of all soaps combined the most frequent words appear larger than others. This would therefore give a summative overview of ideas that are uniformly addressed by all American soap operas. However, in this analysis another approach to be taken will be to analyze each soap opera individually by generating a word cloud for each. This would bring an overview of the thematic concerns addressed in each soap opera. The best-selling soap would then be identified and an educated guess of favorite themes met. Furthermore, analysis will be quick as the generation does not require a lot of time as compared to other tools. It will also be fast since the human eye will quickly note the prominent texts. (Carmel, Uziel, Guy, Mass Roitman, 2012) References Lee, B., Riche, N. H., Karlson, A. K., Carpendale, S. (2010). Sparkclouds: Visualizing trends in tag clouds. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics, 16(6), 1182-1189. Carmel, D., Uziel, E., Guy, I., Mass, Y., Roitman, H. (2012). Folksonomy-based term extraction for word cloud generation. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST), 3(4), 60.

Myrtle Beach vs. Gatlinburg Essay Example

Myrtle Beach vs. Gatlinburg Paper There are two vacation spots I frequently visited in my youth that hold special memories for me. The two places are Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, and Gatlinburg, Tennessee. When I was very young and lived In South Florida, my family would make our yearly two-week vacation to our home In Boone, NC. Each year, this trip Included a visit to Gatlinburg. I hold very special memories of these trips and still love to vaults the Gatlinburg area. When I moved to North Carolina In my late teens, Myrtle Beach was the vacation and summer break spot. Even on my first visit to Myrtle Beach, although very different, it instantly reminded me of my trips to Gatlinburg as a child. Although both places are very different, in many ways they are very much the same. After going from the vacationing child, to the paying adult, I realized more and more how both places appeal to the same vacationer. I also realized that forms of entertainment were either the same or comparable. Myrtle Beach and Gatlinburg compliment and differ in many ways, and a few of those examples are stage entertainment, restaurants, and scenic vacation experiences. Both vacation spots have tons of entertainment. Sometimes the problem with family vacation spots Is not what are we going to do, but how are we going to do It all In Myrtle Beach, some of my favorite entertainment activities are Big Laughs Theatre Wild 4 Hypnosis Comedy Show. Located In Surefire Beach, SC, this show Is a belly-laughing good time. This show consists of audience members being hypnotized and doing funny things they do not remember. The show is great for all ages, which makes it a family favorite. Another fun entertaining place in Myrtle Beach is The Carolina Pry. The Carolina Pry is the only show named, Top Attraction in Myrtle Beach by CNN, New York Times, and USA Today, just to name a few. Shows at this location would include, Light, a laser light show to music such as The Beetles, Pink Floyd, and Led Zeppelin, Good Vibrations, music of the ass, ass, and ass, blended with rich multimedia screens, special effects, and elaborate costuming. This fast-paced, high-energy show will take the audience back to the decades that brought out the best In American popular music. On the other hand, In Gatlinburg the stage show entertainment Is equally Inviting. We will write a custom essay sample on Myrtle Beach vs. Gatlinburg specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Myrtle Beach vs. Gatlinburg specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Myrtle Beach vs. Gatlinburg specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One of my favorites Is the Hypnotized Comedy Hypnosis Show with Guy Michaels. This show is self-explanatory. It consists of audience members being hypnotized and doing funny things. This is a blast. I was laughing from start to finish and will go overtime I visit Gatlinburg. Another wonderful stage attraction in Gatlinburg is the Sweet Fanny Adams Theater, which offers a variety of shows, which include a suspense who-done-it type show and singing, and dancing comedy shows. Both Myrtle Beach and Gatlinburg have wonderful stage entertainment. Along with great stage entertainment, both places have comparable yet different dining experiences. In Myrtle Beach, a trip would not be complete without a visit too seafood buffet. In my opinion, Captain Jacks Seafood Buffet Is the best. Located In N. Myrtle Beach, this buffet has everything In a seafood dream that you want. I personally eat the crab legs until I could bust. Another fun dining experience In Myrtle Beach Is Medieval Times. Although entertaining, this Is a theme restaurant taking the patrons back to the times when knights battled on the field. As the lance eats tenet meal wit n tenet Tellers, wanly Includes cornels news, teen caner on their knight to victory. This is fun for the whole family, and I never miss it when visiting Myrtle Beach. Another favorite of mine in many beach locations, including Myrtle Beach is Jimmy Buffets Marriageable. You cannot beat a Cheeseburger in Paradise with a giant traditional margarita. Gatlinburg is equally exceptional in restaurant choices. No trip to the Smoky Mountains would be complete without a down-home locally owned BBC restaurant. Bennett Pit Bar-B-Queue is the way to go. Located on River Road in Gatlinburg, it is the best BBC in town. Their menu has child-friendly options, but the beef brisket or baby back ribs are the way to go. Gatlinburg also has an entertainment-themed restaurant called Dolly Parsons Dixie Stampede located in near by Pigeon Forge. This is rodeo-themed entertainment with food varieties for everyone in the family, a great time for everyone. For breakfast, vacationers want to eat like the locals. The best breakfast buffet, which is locally owned, is Mountain Lodge Restaurant. Trip Advisor is full of people singing the praises of this budget-friendly restaurant with food that tastes like Grandma made it s country breakfast for under 8. 00 at its best. In addition, both Myrtle Beach and Gatlinburg are vacation destination spots. Both appeal to the same traveler, but in very different ways. Myrtle Beach, located at the edge of the Atlantic Ocean, has any beach-themed activities for the whole family. Many companies at Myrtle Beach offer activities such as Jet skiing, boating, fishing, paralleling, snorkeling and scuba diving. My favorite is Jet skiing. Any time I visit Myrtle Beach, I stop by Myrtle Beach Water Sports. This early morning Jet ski trip is two hours and is well worth the price. Gatlinburg also has Smoky Mountain related activities. A few of these activities would include whitewater rafting, boating tours through the Smokiest, fly-fishing, scenic helicopter rides and Dollys. My favorite is Dollys. Yes, Dollys is a theme ark but Dolly Pardon, came up with the inspiration for Dollys based on her childhood in the Great Smoky Mountains.

Information Systems in Global Business Today Essay Essay Example

Information Systems in Global Business Today Essay Essay Example Information Systems in Global Business Today Essay Paper Information Systems in Global Business Today Essay Paper 1. Why is it of import to understand the difference between computing machine literacy and information literacy?Answer:Computer literacy – When you are computing machine literate. you have a general working cognition of computing machines. You understand what they can be used for. Most people know that they can type a paper. make a power point and if you have internet entree. you may email and seek the World Wide Web for information. Information literacy- When you are information literate. you understand and are able to garner. analyze and usage information gathered from the assorted types of technological medians – particularly the cyberspace. This individual may entree the cyberspace. for case on their cell phone. iPod. lab tops. and a battalion of medians. some which may hold non yet been realized. -It is of import to understand the difference of this two literacy because A literate individual can non be expected to cognize how to run a computing machine. In kernel. a individual can be literate but non computing machine literate. But the opposite seems hard to be true. A computing machine literate is frequently ever a literate. 2. Discourse the three elements of an information system ( hardware. package and persware ) that directors must see. Which of the three do you see the most of import? Answer:Hardware- Hardware. in the computing machine universe. refers to the physical constituents that make up a computing machine system. Software- is any set of machine-readable instructions ( most frequently in the signifier of a computing machine plan ) that directs a computer’s processor to execute specific operations. Persware- that is short for ‘personware’ or ‘peopleware’ . a awfully inpersonal manner of mentioning to people as a resource. like hardware or package. – I consider being the most of import component if information system is the Persware because without this persware the hardware and the package will be useless. 3. What are some of the new functions information systems are playing in organisations? * The Widening Scope of Information Systems* The Network Revolution and the Internet* New Options for Organizational Design: The Networked Enterprise * Flattening Organizations* Separating work from location* Reorganizing work flows* Increasing flexibleness of organisations* The altering direction procedure* Redefining organisational boundaries* Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business4. Discourse the alterations in the concern environment brought about by engineering in the last three old ages. Use your ain personal experiences to explicate your reply. Answer: There are many alterations in the concern environment brought by the engineering in the last three old ages. I believe that one of the most of import alterations ( impacting accounting pattern ) that has taken topographic point in my experience is the changed relationship between the company and its investors. There is an detonation of needed revelations. and a immense addition in the involvement the investing community has in those revelations. And the cyberspace is the largest alterations because every twelvemonth there is alterations on it. Many plans are nearing that every people in the society can larn many things about those plans brought by the engineering. . 5. Pull your decisions about the article â€Å"IT Doesn’t Matter† by Nicholas Carr by accessing the given URL:[ hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nicholasgcarr. com/articles/matter. html # readings ] . Answer: The article explained the quandary that the IT industry and the terminal users are presently sing. IT used to be a manner for companies to derive a competitory advantage. but nowadays IT has fused into another tool to behavior concern. IT merchandises are going cheaper and cheaper while giving more power. This tendency in the long tally will destruct the economic inducement for IT makers to go on making concern. On the other manus cheaper is better for companies implementing this engineering. The writer made it clear that avoiding trade name new IT merchandises and choosing for somewhat older IT merchandises would salvage money. In add-on. somewhat older merchandises have all the â€Å"kinks ironed out† giving a more dependable system. Buying somewhat older IT merchandises is non a fail safe manner of obtaining efficiency and initial cost nest eggs.

Comes to Bear

Comes to Bear Comes to Bear Comes to Bear By Maeve Maddox A question on an ESL forum alerted me to the expression â€Å"to come to bear.† What is the meaning of â€Å"comes to bear† in this context: Speaker One: I want to tell you about summer camp. It was a wonderful childhood experience. Speaker Two: We can get to it later. Speaker One: We can get to it now. You see, it all comes to bear. Various possibilities were offered by other members of the forum: It probably means â€Å"it has a bearing on (something).† â€Å"Bear† in this sense means â€Å"produce†. A tree can bear fruit, or a woman can bear children. â€Å"It all comes to bear† means â€Å"it all comes to fruition.† Searching the web, I found numerous examples of â€Å"come to bear,† mostly in headlines. but sometimes in connected text. Will FedEx pressure come to bear? Political pressure will come to bear on US margin rules The roles of first lady come to bear Polar policies come to bear On a site dedicated to the writing of business letters, I found this definition of the phrase: Come to Bear: If something comes to bear on you, you start to feel the pressure or effect of it. Although this definition does not explain the use of â€Å"it all comes to bear† in the quotation that started this inquiry, it does shed some light on the other uses. â€Å"Come to bear† seems to be derived from the idiom â€Å"bring to bear,† meaning â€Å"to apply (pressure) or exert (influence).† Pressure is brought to bear. Influence and arguments are brought to bear. Then, once such things are brought to bear, the objects of the pressure, influence or arguments feel the effects. They are affected. It seems to me that the expression â€Å"comes to bear† is a messy, obfuscating circumlocution for â€Å"affects† or some other verb. Like passive voice, the â€Å"comes to bear† expression conceals part of the message to be conveyed. Compare: Will FedEx pressure come to bear? Will FedEx pressure affect the golf playoffs? Political pressure will come to bear on US margin rules Political pressure will affect/alter existing US margin rules The roles of first lady come to bear The role of First Lady affects the woman in it â€Å"Comes to bear† is an expression that careful writers can do without. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund Phrases20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word Forms30 Nautical Expressions

Public Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Public Relations - Essay Example The primary reasons behind their failure to effectively, efficiently and consistently practice the PR have been further attributed with the lack of proper resources and ineffective time management as well as faulty resource allocation (Gale, 2007). Contextually, involving in community development activities is often considered as a vital strategy for promoting relationships as well as developing long-term prosperous ownership of initiatives with variety of important publics emphasizing on the sustainability needs of the organization through stakeholder engagement. In order to attain successful outcomes from the campaigns that are designed to promote healthy relationship with large group of population and encouraging behavioral change concerning with certain specific issues identified by NPOs, it is crucial that proper strategies and planning is devised prior to the commencement of the campaign. It is equally necessary that effective monitoring and evaluation is developed for ensuring the quality and effectiveness of the undertaken PR campaigns (Gale, 2007). Based on these considerations, the purpose of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of PR initiatives engaging United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and its public in relation to certain health related issues including cancer awareness, drug abuse prevention, smoking cessations and child welfare among others. Identification of Key Publics The primary reason behind determining the target group is to identify the groups and audiences who need to change their perceptions, behavioral traits and attitudes (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2010). The proper identification of audiences and their efficient segmentation can facilitate in determining the course of communication in the most progressive way. Contextually, UNICEF attempts to communicate with a wide range of the public maintaining a mutually beneficial relationship. Each of these public groups is further identified to have unique sets of issues concerning with various health factors (United Nations Children’s Fund, 2005). Correspondingly, the communication campaign initiated with due concern towards health issues, UNICEF targeted the group of public including men and women living in the most deprived areas specially those working in hazardous environmental conditions. For similar kind of PR campaigns, the school and college going young and adult people, who tend to easily get habituated to smoking and are vulnerable to drug abuse, can also be treated as the target audiences. Similarly, parents and teenagers were also targeted for the campaigns in order promote child welfare by UNICEF in its PR campaigns concerning the progress needs for women and children. With reference to the organizational vision and PR initiatives, the communication programs conducted by UNICEF can be divided into three fundamental groups of audiences in general, including men and women workin g in hazardous working environment, school and college going children and adult prone to unsocial lifestyles, and the parents who are primarily engaged in the working followed by teenagers (NGLS, 2009; United Nations Children’s Fund, 2005). Effectiveness of Communication between UNICEF and Its Intended People The perquisite for effective communication requires timely preparation, effective use of languages, proper understanding of culture where the campaign will be held and

Systems anlysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Systems anlysis - Essay Example This paper is divided into two sections. In the first section it discusses about point of sale systems and second section presents an analysis of a communication system. For this paper, I have chosen mobile communication system, which are increasingly used in every walk of life. Part1: Point of Sale (POS) Systems Point of Sale (or simply POS) system is widely used in retail shops or stores, normally placed at the checkout/cashier counter in the store, or a place where such transactions can take place in this type of environment. Basically, traditional cash registers are replaced with a computerized POS terminal. However, it is a great deal more complex than the cash registers for the reason that the POS system can have the capability to keep track of orders placed by the customers, carry out transactions via debit and credit cards. At the present, point of sale systems have the capability to connect to other systems in a network, and are widely used to deal with inventory. Normally, a point of sale system is based on a personal computer, which encompasses I/O devices and application-specific programs for the specific surroundings in which it will work. Additionally, there are a wide variety of POS systems which are used in different environments. The functionality and processed included with a POS system depends on the nature and functionality of the business. For instance, a point of sale system for a restaurant should contain a list of all menu items which are stored in a database. In addition, this database will be used by the POS system operator to query for information in many ways. In fact, a large number of business organizations and industries use POS terminals that have a point of sale for instance a help desk, comprising lodging, restaurants, museums, and entertainment. In the past few years there have been huge developments in the field of information technology. As the Internet is increasingly used in every walk of life in the same way, point of sal e terminals is now supported through the Internet, which provide an excellent support for remote training and operations management, and keeps track of inventory all through geographically-dispersed locations (Rouse, 2011; POSmatic, Inc., 2013). In addition, POS terminals can be applied to physical POS software and hardware comprising however not limited to touchscreen display, electronic cash register systems, barcode scanners, scales, receipt printers and pole displays. As discussed above, POS systems offer a large number of advantages for all the businesses and industries. The uses and applications of POS systems vary from business to business. Different organizations use different POS systems. In fact, at the present POS systems are used in a large number of different organizations and industries varying from hotels, restaurants and hospitality businesses, casinos, nail/beauty salons, stadiums, and the most important area of its implementation is the retail environments. In simp le words, if something can be traded for financial rate a POS System can be utilized (POSmatic, Inc., 2013; Rouse, 2011). An organization can get a number of advantages of POS systems. Some of the major advantages of POS systems are outlined below: Decrease Shrinkage: In view of the fact that inventory rates and quantities can be maintained in a synchronized manner, hence getting an understanding of shrinkage becomes trouble free. In addition, today’s point of sale systems encompasses a wide variety of functions regarding inventory and receiving. In fact, if

Richard and the Battle of Bosworth Essay Example for Free

Richard and the Battle of Bosworth Essay On 22nd August 1485, King Richard III lost the Battle of Bosworth to Henry Tudor. One of the main reasons for him losing was due to his unpopularity with the people and his nobles. Richard was disliked by many of his nobles because he gave power to nobles from the north, which he knew, annoying the nobility in the south of England. This meant that in the battle he had little support, and some of his nobles, such as the Stanley’s fought for Henry. Richard was also disliked by the people of England. He seized the crown in 1483, and rumours spread that he killed his two nephews. This made him disliked, and few people supported him. Another reason Richard lost the Battle of Bosworth was because of the Stanley’s changing sides. The Stanley’s controlled around 6000 of Richards troops, around half of his overall army. Although the Stanley’s began the battle on the side of Richard, they changed during the battle. This meant that Richard has far fewer troops than he may have anticipated, and had the Stanley’s not changed sides, it is possible that Richard would have won. Many of Richards other nobles were also unreliable, such as Northumberland. He did not help Richard when he needed it, refusing to bring in Richards reserves, and eventually surrendering, giving Henry an advantage over Richard, helping him to win. Another reason Richard lost was because of the support Henry had from the King of France. In 1485, the King of France wanted to distract Richard from invading France, so he gave Henry an army to invade England. When Henry landed in Wales with these extra men, many people joined him on his march through Wales to Bosworth, increasing the size of his army greatly. Another factor leading to the defeat of Richard at the Battle of Bosworth was Richards’s hesitance on the battlefield. Richard did not take advantage by attacking Oxford whilst he was deploying his troops. This allowed Oxford to launch an attack on Norfolk, who was soon killed. Although Surrey takes command, Richard lost men fast. Richard was so hesitance because he was so unsure of his support. A final factor which lead to the defeat of Richard at the Battle of Bosworth was the growing mistrust for Richard. Many Yorkists became so unhappy with the situation in England that they looked elsewhere for help. Many of them turned to Henry, and supported him in training and creating an army for him to fight with. This support from people once loyal to Richard led to him losing the battle because he did not have enough people fight for him, as many people in England were behind Henry.

A Tibetan Perspective on Birth and Death Essay -- Death Religion

Many religions and philosophies attempt to answer the question, what happens after a person dies? Some religions such as Christianity and Islam believe there is an afterlife. They believe that good and moral people enter Heaven or paradise and that bad and immoral people go to Hell. Other religions and cultures believe that death is final, and that nothing happens after a person dies. Buddhism and Hinduism have a different idea about death. Both of these religions originated in India. Buddhists and Hindus believe that death is not final. They believe that a person comes back after he or she dies. This process is known as reincarnation, and it provides opportunities for people to enter the world multiple times in different forms. Buddhists and Hindus want to reenter the world as humans, and they want to improve their status through reincarnation. In ancient India, many members of lower casts wanted to come back as members of higher casts. While this is an important goal of reincarnati on, the main goal is to reach either moksha (Hinduism) or nirvana (Buddhism). In other words, the goal is to reach a point of spiritual enlightenment that removes the person from the reincarnation process. Geoff Childs, an anthropologist examines the views of the Buddhist religion by studying the lives of the people in Tibetan villages. He looks at issues that adversely affect these people such as infant mortality. He carefully looks at the lives of people who have been left behind by deceased loved ones, and he pays careful attention to customs and traditions surrounding death. Tibetan Buddhists view death as a means of reaching spiritual perfection, and they seek to reach this level of spiritual perfection through living spiritually meaningful lives.... ...eath is is not a cessation in Buddhism. Death can be seen as a new beginning. A new opportunity to reach spiritual perfection. Infant mortality is a difficult subject to talk about for many Tibetan parents. Survivors are often faced with poverty and other extreme hardships after the loss of a loved one. However, Buddhism provides great comfort to survivors by teaching that Earthly bodies are impermanent. Tibetan cremation procedures place great emphasis on reincarnation. Tibetan views about death are focused on nirvana and spiritual perfection. These practices are spiritually meaningful for both the living survivors and the dead. Works Cited 1 Geoff Childs Tibetan Diary From Birth to Death and Beyond in a Himalayan Valley of Nepal (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004) 41.  2 Ibid., 54.  3Ibid., 54.  4 Ibid., 54  5 Ibid., 146.  6 Ibid., 147.

Secrets – Creative Writing

Bill locked the last bolt on the door. â€Å"Another day finished† Bill said with a sigh. â€Å"I'll just finish putting these in the back room†. Sue heaved the last box into the storeroom and dropped it on the floor. She took the pencil out of her mouth and started marking of the boxes on the clipboard. â€Å"Nine..Ten..Ele†¦What the hell!!† She slowly stepped towards the strange object and as she approached it she began to realize what it was. â€Å"BILLLLLLLLL† she screamed. A figure appeared in the doorframe, when Sue turned around she was shocked to see him smirking. † I see you've found my little, how would you put†¦surprise† Sues mouth dropped open. â€Å"But, what, how, who is it?† Sue stammered. â€Å"Just someone that needed, taken care of. Now we're not going to tell anyone are we? We wouldn't like that to be you, would we?† he replied with a nod. Sue was rooted to the spot. She could feel her body shivering with fear. She felt like she had been standing there for hours. When reality finally hit her she let out a huge scream and ran for her life. â€Å"She won't get far† Bill said to himself with a menacing laugh. Sue ran along the cold, wet streets of Lairg, tears streaming down her face. She was distraught; she didn't know where she was going all she knew was that it wasn't home. How could she go home in this state her father was sure to notice and as thousands of questions. She couldn't cope with it, not after what she'd seen. Images kept flickering through her head, of Bills evil face and the arm. She was traumatized. Throwing herself down onto the wet steps of Spar. She couldn't think straight no matter how much she tried her mind was full of worries and images. How could she go on, knowing about that poor person Bill had supposedly â€Å"taken care of†, knowing about the kind of person Bill really is. Bill watched as the young girl slowly mounted the emergency steps to the roof of Spar. He grinned as he saw a tearful face appear at the edge of the roof. After muttering a few silent words the girl flung herself of the roof. Bill stood up and looked around for any witness'. Nobody was around. He grabbed the girls' hair and dragged her behind Spar. â€Å"I didn't even touch her† he muttered into his mobile, â€Å"I'm at Spar come and pick me up†¦and her† â€Å"So please anyone that has any information about the disappearance of Sue Macbeath contact us the number is 084† the police officers plea was cut short as Bill turned his television off. He spooned the last of his corn flakes into his mouth and dropped the plate into the sink. The familiar sound of a bell ringing on the shop door alarmed Bill, as he was busy in the storeroom. Well, he thought with some annoyance, Sue will just have to wait for now. He briskly left the storeroom, closing the door tightly behind him. He looked all around, nobody to be seen. Just as he was about to turn around and go back into the room he heard a radio crackle. â€Å"No sign of anyone here. Over.† A deep, manly voice said. Bill spun round and was greeted by an overweight, red-faced policeman. â€Å"Well, Hello young man† said the jolly policeman patting Bill on the back. Bill gave a weak smile. â€Å"Can I help you officer?† he said. â€Å"Well, as you may have already a young lass b the name of Sue Mcbeath has gone missing† he said without much effort. Bill felt like he was reciting a well-rehearsed speech. â€Å"Anyway, to get to the point† he added. † We believe that she was a colleague and a friend of yours†. â€Å"Yes† Bill gave a fake sigh. † A very good friend of min. Last time I saw her was yesterday evening, around five to six. I told her she could go early and that I would lock up.† â€Å"Did she say where she was going?† â€Å"No officer. I just presumed she would be going home like usual.† â€Å"Was she acting at all strangely?† â€Å"No officer. Just being her usual cheery self.† Bill told the officer as he wrote notes down on his note-pad. â€Å"Well son. I reckon I'll be back, but for now, don't give up hope eh? We'll find her† he said comfortingly, chucking Bills chin. â€Å"Thanks you officer. I'll be sure to give you a call if I think of anything else† And with that the officer left. Bill tapped a number into his mobile. â€Å"Darren?† he said â€Å"I've just has that police in here. I think you'd better come over.† The whole of Lairg was on a hunt for Sue Macbeath. There were new conferences on the television and reports on the radio. The plea that chocked Bill the most was the one from Sues stepfather. â€Å"She was a bright, cheery, joyful girl who had her whole life ahead of her† her teary eyed stepfather said. â€Å"Please whoever knows where she is or even thinks they know where she could be just contact us. We just want our little girl back. Thank you† It was one week on and Bill was getting ready too lock up. After spraying half a can of air freshener in the storeroom, he covered the body with boxes of crisps and sweets. It was starting to decay and Bill was dick with worry. He just didn't no where to dispose of the body. A chap on the door disturbed Bill from his thought. Standing outside the door were several policemen and Sues stepfather Darren. Bill and Darren exchanged worried glances. â€Å"Officer, I really don't think this is necessary† Bill could hear Darren say. â€Å"She phoned to say she was leaving.† Bill opened the door and the policemen swept past him. The fat, red-faced policeman didn't look so happy this time. Without even glancing at Bill he produced and important looking piece of paper. â€Å"We're here to search this building. We have a warrant.† Pointing to different officers he directed them to different parts of the shop. â€Å"And me, I'll check here† he said nodding his head towards the storeroom. Bill and Darren followed him. â€Å"Where's the light in here† â€Å"Well actually officer† Bill said pointing to he roof â€Å"The bulbs burst† â€Å"No worries, I'll use my torch.† He shone his torch all over the room kicking empty boxes out of his way. As he got nearer and nearer the body Bill held his breath. Just as he was about to reach it, he turned around. â€Å"No, nothing here.† It was the same from every officer. Darren burst into tears. â€Å"We'll ever find her† Darren cried through great big sobs. â€Å"Don't worry son, this was only a quick scan. The shop will be cornered off and we'll have snuffer dogs in by tonight. The officers were about to leave. Darren was still in tears. â€Å"Uhmm officer† Bill Said † I was just about to get my break so I could make Mr.Mcbeath a cup of tea or coffee if that's ok† â€Å"What would you like to do Mr Macbeath?† asked the policeman â€Å"A cup of tea would be great. I'll call my wife and she'll pick me up.† Darren sniffed. â€Å"We shall phone this evening Mr Mcbeath with more information† the policeman called as he left the shop. As the sound of the police van leaving got more distant Darren looked up at Bill with a grin. â€Å"Wow!! That was a close one! Now, what were you saying about the quarry for the body?† Darren said

Materialistic Americans Essay

â€Å"With these words I can sell you anything† by William Lutz and â€Å"At sale at Old Navy: Cool Clothes for Identical Zombies! † by Damien Cave the readings explain how Americans are fooled into purchasing so many unnecessary things that most of the time don’t do what they promise when advertised as well as how the buyers themselves are blinded and don’t realized that they are wasting money, all because of the value of their pride and their need to be better than everyone else yet they are doing the same things as millions of other Americans. Although it seems correct that most people should be materialistic, it’s not a good thing because this form of living is damaging American’s values in many ways and advertisements are just making it worst. In Cave’s excerpt he explains how most Americans have become so materialistic now and that it’s becoming a big issue. In one part Cave says, â€Å"Consumers are being scammed, says Klein, arguing that stores like Old Nave and Ikea are duping millions, inspiring mass conformity while pretending to deliver high culture to the masses† (109). This explains how Americans are so gullible when it comes to buying products because most of the time they don’t really look into what they are buying they just want to own what everyone else has because that makes them â€Å"fit† it into this materialistic society because it’s all about hierarchy and who’s on top of everyone else. â€Å"Klein and Frank say that few consumers recognize just how conformist their consumption habits have become† (Cave 109). Some people do realize that they do over spend but they still don’t do anything about it because they always want more. There are many adults that think that buying so many things for themselves and their families is good because people always want to have the best things that are out there for their loved ones without realizing that they’re just giving money away to things they don’t really need. â€Å"At virtually every opening of Old Navy’s and Ikea’s stores-in the New York, Chicago, and San Francisco areas, for example- tens of thousand of people appeared in the first few days. Even now, long after the stores first opened, lines remain long† (Cave 110). Americans value so much their pride to be over achievers and be better than everyone else they come across but yet they aren’t much different from other people because they spend as much as every other person who might not have that much money because everyone’s values are similar. In Lutz’s excerpt he explains how Advertisements usually don’t promise what they offer and take people for fools but yet people keep buying more. He states, â€Å"The biggest weasel word used in advertising doublespeak is ‘help’† (114). He explains how people are manipulated into buying products all the time that will help them with a desire objective and they are influenced by the advertisements. The things that people wear, drink, eat, etc are all influenced by something or someone, how else did they ever hear or see about those products. Advertisements are everywhere, people that see all these advertisements of products think those products apply to them because they know everyone else that will see them will want them too and they don’t to feel left out in not being part of the revolution of that product. Lutz also says, â€Å"Whenever advertisers want you to stop thinking about the product and to start thinking about something bigger, better, or more attractive than the product, they use that very popular weasel word, ‘like’† (119). American’s values are on risk when it comes to advertisements because people want their families to be well and grow a certain way, but that can’t happen when their television and billboards selling things that are out of the comfort of some people. Only by becoming an active, critical consumer of the double speak of advertising will you ver be able to cut through the doublespeak and discover what the ad is really saying† (Lutz 120). Americans value so much their pride and the liberty to do whatever they want that they think buying so much stuff applies to them. Americans also value their Independence in this country but it’s also being ruined by advertisements because how can people be independent when they are buying the same things as everyone else and are being exploited all at the same time? If people keep getting sucked into buying every little thing they see hey will doing the opposite of what they believe in, they will just be shaming who they are as Americans. Americans need to realize that buying everything that is advertised isn’t doing them any good. they will lose so much money on things they don’t really need and all for what? to be better than everyone else? People have forgotten about being independent and doing their own thing when it comes to having a different lifestyle from others. How can they take pride in themselves when they are just alike to everyone else and that’s what the readings explain, to not be gullible when it comes to this topic

Solving the Lifeboat Dilemma Essay Essays

Solving the Lifeboat Dilemma Essay Essays Solving the Lifeboat Dilemma Essay Paper Solving the Lifeboat Dilemma Essay Paper Essay Topic: Emma In the instance presented. I believe there is no right thing to make but I am morally compelled to move upon the state of affairs that confronts me. I choose to utilize my strength to throw person overboard to salvage four lives. including my ain. In asseverating that there is no right thing to make. it is because in taking either of the options presented. human life is sacrificed. It is a authoritative instance of â€Å"damned if I do. curse if I don’t† . Whatever pick I make. I will stop up making the incorrect thing. By taking to utilize my strength to throw person overboard and kill him. I am go againsting his right to life. If I do nil. I would be responsible for the deceases of five people. Although done without purpose. throwing that one individual overboard would be the lone solution. all things considered. for continuing the greater good. In so making. I am reprobating myself to guilt and remorse as determinations that terminate lives are the most intolerable 1s. From a purely useful point of position. I would be taking the option that would account for â€Å"greater felicity for the greatest figure of people. † felicity qualified in this instance as endurance ( Greenspan 119 ) . Clearly. my pick is the lesser of two immoralities. In this instance. although there is a moral quandary presented. such a quandary could be resolved because one duty overrides the other in footings of the figure of lives that could be saved. This is non similar to the phenomenon in Sophie’s Choice wherein Sophie is presented with two symmetrical duties. In her instance. she had to take between her two girls or reprobate both to decease. In my instance. I am non compelled with emotional fond regards to any of those present in the lifeboat that would do my struggle incapable of deliberation. These people are aliens to me and so. the weight of the duty can be measured in footings of how many lives I could salvage which in the greater strategy of things. intent to the more moral determination. Clearly. this determination would be criticized by many. Advocates of the philosophy of the dual consequence would see my determination as morally incorrect and indefensible. While the dual consequence logical thinking may acquit those who take action that has negative side-effects. when that action involves something intentionally intended in order to transport out a solution ( in my instance. utilizing my power to throw person overboard ) . it becomes incorrect. Even if the cause ( in order to salvage five people ) is good. the fact that I did something harmful to convey about the cause would render the full determination immoral ( McConnell 412 ) . Utilitarian oppositions would besides reject my impression of taking the lesser of two immoralities. Extremist moralists would state that human lives are incommensurate. and giving one in stead of a greater figure does non do it moral ( Hill 215 ) . Others would impeach me of being an ethical egotist for taking personal endurance above all else. Greenspan. Patricia S. â€Å"Moral Dilemmas and Guilt. † Philosophic Surveies 43 ( 1983 ) : 117-125. Hill. Thomas E. . Jr. â€Å"Moral Purity and the Lesser Evil. † The Monist 66 ( 1983 ) : 213-232. McConnell. Terrance. â€Å"Moral Dilemmas and Necessitating the Impossible. † Philosophic Surveies 29 ( 1976 ) : 409-413.

The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)

The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) In order to get a patent or trademark or to register a copyright in America, inventors, creators, and artists must apply through the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in Alexandria, Virginia; in general, patents are only effective in the country for which they are granted. Ever since the first U.S. patent was granted in 1790 to Samuel Hopkins of Philadelphia for making pot and pearl ashes- a cleaning formula used in soapmaking- over eight million patents have been registered in at the USPTO. A patent gives an inventor the right to exclude all others from making, using, importing, selling, or offering to sell the invention for up to 20 years without the inventors permission- however, a patent is not required to sell a product or process, it simply protects these inventions from being stolen. This gives the inventor the opportunity to produce and market the invention himself, or license others to do so, and to make a profit. However, a patent does not guarantee monetary success by itself. An inventor gets paid by either selling the invention or by licensing or selling (assigning) the patent rights to someone else. Not all inventions are commercially successful, and in fact, the invention may actually cost the inventor more money than he or she makes unless a strong business and marketing plan is created. Patent Requirements One of the most-often overlooked requirements for submitting a successful patent is the cost associated, which can be very high for some people. Although fees for the patent application, issue, and maintenance are reduced by 50 percent when the applicant is a small business or individual inventor, you can expect to pay the U. S. Patent and Trademark Office a minimum of about $4,000 over the life of the patent. A patent may be obtained for any new, useful, unobvious invention, though it generally cannot be obtained for the laws of nature, physical phenomena, and abstract ideas; a new mineral or a new plant found in the wild; inventions useful solely in the utilization of special nuclear material or atomic energy for weapons; a machine that is not useful; printed matter; or human beings. There are specific requirements for all patent applications. An application must include a specification, including a description and claim(s); an oath or declaration identifying the applicant(s) believing to be the original inventor(s); a drawing when necessary; and the filing fee. Prior to 1870, a model of the invention was required as well, but today, a model is almost never required. Naming an invention- another requirement of submitting a patent- actually involves developing at least two names: the generic name and the brand name or trademark. For example, Pepsi ® and Coke ® are brand names; cola or soda  is  the generic or product name. Big Mac ® and Whopper ® are brand names; hamburger is the generic or product name. Nike ® and Reebok ® are brand names; sneaker or athletic shoe are generic or product names. Time is another factor of patent requests. In general, it takes the  6,500 employees of the USPTO upwards of 22 months to process and approve a patent application, and oftentimes this time can be longer since many first drafts of patents are rejected and need to be sent back with corrections. There are no age restrictions on applying for a patent, but only the true inventor is entitled to a patent, and the youngest person to be granted a patent is a four-year-old girl from Houston, Texas, for aid for grasping round knobs. Proving an Original Invention Another requirement of all applications for patents is that the product or process being patented must be unique in that no other similar inventions have been patented before it. When the Patent and Trademark Office receives two patent applications for the same inventions, the cases go into an interference proceeding. The Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences then determines the first inventor who thus may be entitled to a patent based on the information provided by the inventors, which is why it is so important for inventors to keep good records. Inventors can make a search of patents already granted, textbooks, journals, and other publications to be sure that someone else has not already invented their idea. They can also hire someone to do it for them or may do this themselves at the Public Search Room of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in Arlington, Virginia, on the PTO web page on the Internet, or at one of the Patent and Trademark Depository Libraries across the country. Similarly, with trademarks, the USPTO determines whether there is a conflict between two marks by evaluating whether consumers would be likely to confuse the goods or services of one party with those of the other party as a result of the use of the marks at issue by both parties. Patent Pending and the Risk of Not Having a Patent Patent Pending is a phrase that often appears on manufactured items. It means that someone has applied for a patent on an invention that is contained in the manufactured item and serves as a warning that a patent may issue that would cover the item and that copiers should be careful because they might infringe if the patent issues. Once the patent is approved, the patent owner will stop using the phrase patent pending and start using a phrase such as covered by U.S. Patent Number XXXXXXX. Applying the patent pending phrase to an item when no patent application has been made can result in a fine from the USPTO. Although you do not need to have a patent to sell an invention in the United States, you run the risk of someone stealing your idea and marketing themselves if you do not get one. In some cases, you could keep your invention a secret like the Coca-Cola Company keeps the formula for Coke a secret, which is called a trade secret, but otherwise, without a patent, you run a risk of someone else copying your invention with no rewards to you as the inventor. If you do have a patent and think someone has infringed on your patent rights, then you can sue that person or company in federal court and get reparations for profits lost as well as claim their profits from selling your patented product or process. Renewing or Removing Patents You cant renew a patent after it expires. However, patents may be extended by a special act of Congress and under certain  circumstances, certain pharmaceutical patents may be extended to make up the time lost during the Food and Drug Administrations approval process. After the patent expires, the inventor loses exclusive rights to the invention. An inventor probably wouldnt want to lose patent rights on a product. However, a patent may be lost if determined to be invalid by the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks. For example, as a result of a  reexamination  proceeding or if the patentee fails to pay the required maintenance fees the patent may be lost; a court may also determine that a patent invalid. In any case, each employee at the Patent and Trademark Office takes an oath of office to uphold the laws of the United States and are prohibited from applying for patents themselves, so you can be sure to trust these individuals with your new invention- no matter how great or stealable you may think it is!

Should Electronic Play be Encouraged for School-Age Children Research Paper

Should Electronic Play be Encouraged for School-Age Children - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that it is true that video game play, whether violent or non-violent, can develop visual concentration, spatial relations, and hand-eye coordination. However, from the evidences presented, it is not clear if these games can improve critical judgment or preservation of information and creativity. This paper makes a conclusion that some educational video games guide specific educational skills and knowledge, for instance math, science and language. However, this kind of games is not easily accessible. Possibly, future development and wide distribution of these materials will be able to encourage more learning for electronic gamers. The effects of media violence may result to desensitization to the terror of violence; recognition of violence as â€Å"a way out†; replication of aggression seen in video games; and identification of oneself with the characters. Let us take Mortal Kombat and Nite Trap as perfect examples of the media game of blood sport. In Mortal Kombat, the first hero decapitates, the second hero electrocutes, the third hero slashes the victim’s chest and pulls out the heart, and the fourth hero hacks his victim’s head and holds it high in triumph. In Nite Trap, the vampires go after five scantily-dressed women, bore holes in their necks and suspend them on meat hooks. The high-action, live-action, blood-rich scenes of these games make them more compelling, powerful and realistic and all the more attractive to the minds of the innocent.

Enabling Australian Aged Clients to live independently in the Research Paper

Enabling Australian Aged Clients to live independently in the community through Advanced care Planning - Research Paper Example Data Sources: The data collected for the purpose of this paper are fundamentally from secondary sources such as articles, journals, books, online publications and governmental reports among others. It is owing to the fact that the findings obtained from these sources shall substantiate the need of updated and reliable information regarding the healthcare policies and services rendered to the elderly population in Australia. Discussion: The discussion conducted in this paper attempts to develop an understanding in relation to the issue identified with reference to the theories and the views put forward by various authors. Based on these views, the discussion further elaborates on the critical analysis of the healthcare services rendered to the elderly population by the concerned organizations in Australia. Implications for Health/Discipline: The implications obtained from the discussion of this paper indicate that nursing training and development programs shall be needed to augment th e efficiency level in Australian healthcare units. ... been discussed in this section which includes developing knowledge not only amid the elder population but also amid the younger populace from a long-term perspective. Summary Statement What is already known about this topic? The nursing practices and its importance along with the role of modern services in the healthcare units for serving the patients and aged clients Role played by aged clients within the community in developing, training and controlling the young generation with proper cultural norms; thus influencing the social structure What this paper adds? An explanation of the rising trends of aged clients in the Australian economy and its effects on the social inclinations An account of the modern facilities and policies adopted by healthcare units for serving the aged clients in order to make them live independently and influence them to serve the community well-being Implications for practice and/or policy Suitable policy should be adopted by the healthcare unit in order to serve the patients according to their requirements Suitable policy helps to build a good working environment for the doctors and the nurses along with avoiding the misunderstandings and conflicts existing within the social environment Introduction In many countries, aged people are often identified to be treated impatiently, disregarding their value of life and their contribution to the overall societal development. Hence, at times, the elderly population has to witness challenges in availing better facilities from the community as well as from personal belongings. In protecting the elderly population from these circumstances, government and social bodies can be identified to implement certain steps such as building of old-age homes and supplying the aged member present in the house with

Quimica Del Atlantico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Quimica Del Atlantico - Essay Example It opened a plant in Baracaldo in 1955. External environment and internal strategic capabilities The strengths of this company can be analysed through a study of its steady growth. Quimica del Atlantico grew steadily over years and opened two more factories one which was located at Santurce and the other at Portugalete. The company was over the years consistent in allocation of significant resources and efforts to research and development and was thus able to produce a number of products and processes. These include- baked enamel used for refrigerators, pollster fishes used for wood product, use of electro deposition for paint application systems, water soluble baths through immersion used especially in automobiles factories, the powdered paint and lastly the Kolormatik system. The company adopted a number of strategies to maintain its position. Its basic tool was technology and the desire to be on the lead in technology caused the company to sign agreement for transfer of technology with other companies in various states. With the advanced technology the sales of the company increased immensely. In 1985 the company estimated the products that were sold to approximately 12,000 retail outlets in Spain which was a whopping 75 percent increase. In addition to the huge sales turnover the company had varied and numerous buyers for their products. These included home decorating paints and automobile body repair paints both of which represented 50 percent of the company’s sales. The other 50 percent was accounted by sale of paints which were manufactured for industrial customers. The most important industrial customer was automobile OEMs meaning original equipment. These accounted for 30 percent of QA’s total sales. The remaining 20 percent went to other industrial sector which includes automobile components and spare parts, domestic appliance manufacturers, metallographic industry, toys, furniture, railroad stocking etc. The company also grew to be a le ading employer in the industry. Its total work force in the year 1986 amounted to about 575 employees. This huge number of employee’s meant that the company was indeed doing very well. Quimica Del Atlantico was leading in Spain in the refinishing segment since the Spanish civil war ended in three products. These are one white paint and two black paints. This means that in addition to making huge volume of sales the company was also leading in quality product thus widening its markets even more. Towards the end of 1950s QA was able to position itself well when SEAT at that time started manufacturing cars in Spain. The automobile industry was so far the most important customer of QA. Subsequently other paint manufacturers and automobile OEMs established industries in Spain. This was the onset of competition but also the onset of a wider market for its product as more automobile industries came to birth as well as competing paint manufacturers. However until 1985 the customers w ere limited to within the country. There were no exports until 1986. Spain became a member of European communities in 12th June 1986, a political and economical factor which created a new opportunity for the company. This meant a new dawn to the company as Spain had become a part of the regional trade agreement. The company contemplated venturing into the new markets within the European community and also hunting for raw material at a lower cost within the Europe

Sms Based Home Appliance Control Information Technology Essay

Sms Based Home Appliance Control Information Technology Essay Security for homes and offices is an important aspect in the modern world; engineers are continuously developing unique security systems that take advantage of todays technology. GSM based zone security system is one of those unique systems that provides security. This system basically works by sending a SMS to a predetermined mobile unit within a GSM network when the security is breached. It can also be logged through a pc or laptop in order to monitor the status of the security. In todays world various types of security systems are being used in homes, offices, cars etc. All of these systems particularly the ones used at homes mainly consist of a motion detector, a siren that triggers when it receives a signal from the motion detector, a battery, a control device and an electronic card. If there is a breach in security the motion detector sends a signal to the electronic card which in turn triggers the siren to provide the warning. This is a disadvantage as these type of warnings can only be heard if there are people present close to the source of the siren and even though some of the security systems provide a warning call to a pre-determined phone (police/security company) using the fixed land line, thieves usually disrupt the phone lines leading to the failure of such security systems. Therefore it is important to remove the afore-mentioned shortcoming and provide a security system that is efficient, affordable and user friendly which can be achieved by taking advantage of the present technological infrastructure and hardware. Project Aim and Objectives The main aim of this project is to design and develop an efficient GSM based zone security system which takes advantage of the existing GSM infrastructure and hardware components that can be used at homes and offices. The project will focus on the following specific objectives:- To develop and enhance a security system that sends the user a SMS when the security is breached. To test the GSM based security system on a simulator. To build a security system that can be logged through a PC or laptop in order to monitor the status of the security. To put forward a security system that will make it difficult to be breached by burglars. To tell the benefits of the GSM based Zone security system compared to the other normal security system. 1.3 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1Conceptual Literature According to Phillips (2006) security systems provide important protection against burglary and robbery. They are being relied more and more in the world to prevent theft especially with the current high crime rate. Norman (2007) stated that there are several types of security systems but the one that users today prefer to install at homes and businesses are wireless systems as they do not have the hassle of installing a lot of wires. They are also considered to be one of the easiest of all security alarm systems to operate. Norman (2007) highlighted that the wireless security systems use radio waves to send signals from the sensors to the control panel in order to monitor the activity within the property. The latest wireless security systems also have the ability to send data to outside sources wirelessly by using GSM. According to Fares (2003) GSM which stands for Global systems for mobile communications is basically a cellular network in which mobile phones connect to it by searching cell in the immediate vicinity. In todays world GSM has become one of the most essential items to us as it provides us with a communication channel that enables us to communicate with the world freely. With GSM came the implementation of SMS or text messaging as stated by Poole (2006). Gast (2005) stated that the security systems that work with GSM infrastructure using GSM modem are known as GSM security system. In this system when there is an occurrence of security breach the user is sent a SMS notifying him/her of the security breach. It is a reliable security system but recently Nohl (2009) stated that there are fears that the GSM itself can be breached by cracking the algorithm that is responsible for the protection of the security of the GSM. This has been denied by the GSM association that represents the interests of the worldwide mobile communications industry. They have affirmed that the GSM cannot be breached and that it is not currently possible to crack the algorithm protecting the GSM. According to Norman (2007) GSM security system consists of many other main components such as electromagnetic sensors, PIC microcontrollers, keypad etc. These components make together with the GSM modem make a very effective and reliable security system. 2.2 Related Projects 2.2.1 SMS based Home Appliance Control. This project which was done by Anand kumar 2007 is a GSM based project in which SMS is used to control home appliances. This is done by sending the instruction through SMS which would be received by the microcontroller which then decodes the instruction and after that executes the instruction by switching on the relays attached to its port to control the appliances. In this project 8051 microcontroller was used and for software Keil u-Vision 3.0 and PRO51 programmer software was used. 2.2.2 GSM based Voting Machine This project was done by John Seymour (2009). It is a GSM based project in which registered voters can send their vote through SMS. This achieved by first registering the mobile number of the voter and during that registration they are given a password. So when the user is sending a SMS vote the microcontroller will read the instruction and will first run a check whether it is a registered voter or not, if it is a registered voter then it will ask for the password and verify it. If the password is correct it will accept the vote and send back an SMS acknowledgement to the voter. The microcontroller used is an 89S52 microcontroller. 2.2.3 GSM based Remote Energy Monitoring Meter This project is a GSM based project which was done by Hussain Said (2009). This project uses GSM infrastructure to do remote monitoring and control of the energy meter located at domestic houses. This project is very useful to the Electricity Department as it would enable them to read the meter readings regularly without the need of personnel visiting each house. It basically works by using a microcontroller unit that always monitors and records the meter readings in its memory location.  Ã‚  Then these reading are sent to optimum location set by the Electricity Department. In this project 8051 microcontroller was used and for software Kiel u-Vision 3.0 and PRO51 programmer software was used 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1 Technical Proposal This project is a combination of hardware and software development. The circuit is first designed and then optimum components are selected and used for the construction of the circuit. A program is developed for the PIC microcontroller. This is done by first writing the program in C programming and then compiling it in MikroC. Several tests are done to make sure that they are all working successfully. After that the hardware development and the software development are combined. Then Visual Basic program is written for interfacing. Then an overall test is done to see if the whole project is working successfully. Block Diagram of the Methodology used in this Project. Start Project Design Circuit Design Develop Program for PIC Test program on PIC Simulator Construct Circuit Troubleshoot Develop VB for Interfacing Combination of Hardware and Software Final Testing Troubleshooting END 3.2 Equipment/ Facilities/ Programs Hardware: Breadboard is used before a prototype is built. It is used for troubleshooting and testing. PCB: The circuit is finally built on the Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Multimeter was used for measuring voltage, current etc and also for fault finding. GSM modem Software: EAGLE (Easily Applicable Graphical Layout Editor) software: For Printed Circuit Board drawing MikroC: PIC Simulator Software: To test the program for the PIC microcontroller Visual Basic 3.3 Technical Description 3.3.1 PIC Microcontroller PIC microcontroller stands for Peripheral Interface Controller according to Wilmshurt (2006). The PIC is a popular microcontroller because of several advantages such as: Power consumption PICs have much lower power consumption at 5V. Clock It has more accurate calibrated oscillators which help it have precise timing thus making the design more stable and efficient. Availability It is widely available. Programming The PIC microcontroller can be easily reprogrammed. Pin direction Most of the PIC microcontroller pins are flexible as they can be set as an input or and output thus making the design of the circuit easier. 3.3.2 Electromagnetic sensors C:UsersKHALEDPicturesPhoto0289.jpg Figure 2.17: Electromagnetic sensor: The magnetic sensor on the left and the magnet on the right Electromagnetic sensors are usually used on doors and in a security system they are an integral part as stated by Norman (2007). They work by sensing the movement of the doors and windows magnetically. The magnetic sensors are small in size and consist of 1 magnet and 1 magnetic sensor. Phillips (2006) stated that the magnet is placed so that the magnet and magnetic sensor are in a position to be parallel to each other. So that when the signal that is between them is interrupted the magnetic the switch is tripped and immediately it sounds the alarm . 3.3.3 Keypad Figure 2.14: 4ÃÆ'-4 matrix keypad modules A matrix keypad is used to provide a simple data entry device for microcontroller systems. Their design is that the keys are connected in rows and columns, so that when a button is pressed a row and a column are connected. In order to read the keypad, each row is set low in turn and the state of the inputs is tested. If no button is pressed, all the inputs remain high. During the operation the rows and the columns of the keypad will be scan continuously by the microcontroller. When a key is being operated, a low on that row is detected on the column input for that key, which allows a corresponding code to be generated. 3.3.4 RS 232 RS 232 is an electrical signaling specification which is also known as signal port is used as the gateway for data transmissions 232 comes in 9 pins which have its own specific pin assignments. There are two types of RS 232 which is male (DB9M) and female (DB9F). Figure 2.11: The serial port overview Table 2.12: The definition of each serial port pins In this project only three pins are used. Pin 2 and PIN 3 is used to receive and transmit signal with the circuit. So Pin 5 will be uses as ground. 3.3.5 GSM modem A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works within a GSM wireless network according to Fares (2003) and he also states that the behavior of dial up modem is the same as a wireless modem. The only difference is that a dial up modem uses a fixed telephone line to transmit and receive data while a wireless modem transmits and receives data through radio waves. A GSM modem needs a SIM card in order to operate. The GSM modem available in 2 types External wireless modem It is connected to the computer or a laptop a serial cable or USB cable. PC card/PCMCIA card Its designed for laptops as it is slotted in a particular card slot built in the laptop. Figure 2.19 shown the main blocks and communication principle of a wireless system using the SIEMEINS C35i GSM modem. Figure 2.19: Main blocks in communication modem and the microcontroller. 3.3.6 AT command An AT command is simply a set of instructions used to control a modem it the short form for Attention. Each command line starts with AT or at. A common set of standard AT commands are supported by GSM and dial up modems but the GSM modems support a more extended set of AT commands. In order to send, read, write and delete SMS message. We can use For example AT+CMGS (send command), AT+CMGR (read command), AT+CMGW (write command) and AT+CMGD (delete command) . Using the above mentioned commands the modem can do :-: Reading, writing and deleting SMS message. Sending SMS message Monitoring the signal strength 3.3.7 SMS SMS which is a short form for Short Message Service is used to receiving and sending message in between the mobile phone. Fares (2003) stated that since the development of SMS it has become a very successful wireless carrier because SMS message can be sent and ready at any time. SMS message are supported 100% GSM mobile phones and they can be exchanged between different wireless carriers. SMS is a suitable technology for wireless application. The application of SMS is virtually limitless today as they are always being associated with embedded system to increase its utilization. Examples of SMS application are:- Person-person text message Delivery and notification message Used in remote system monitoring application. 3.3.8 MikroC Software MikroC is a software programming program which used by the people in order to program and compile microcontroller. Figure 3.3: MikroC with C programming After created the program compile it by click the BUILD icon from the project toolbar. Figure 3.5: After compilation successful 3.3.9 EAGLE EAGLE also known as Easily Applicable Graphical Layout Editor is draw schematic for PCB layout. One of the main reason that EAGLE is better in drawing schematic than any other software is that it has a comprehensive component library so this helps save time as there is less need to draw up the components. The auto route function of EAGLE is also good. Figure 3.6: Schematic drawing window Figure 3.7: Placing components net Figure 3.9: Wire up components Figure 3.10: Switch from schematic to board Route toolbar Figure 3.11: Routing toolbar 4 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT 4.1 Overall Circuit Schematic Diagram Figure 3.01: The Full Circuit Diagram of the GSM Zone based Security System Figure 3.01 shows the overall schematic diagram of GSM Zone based intruder system. The system hardware is divided into few parts for a better explanation. They are Microcontroller (PIC16F877A) Power Supply module, Serial port communications and LCD. 4.1.1 PIC 16F877P Figure 3.02: The microcontroller and LCD implementation As shown in Figure 3.02 the PIC Microcontroller 16F877P was chosen because of its software support availability, low cost and high feature count. For a reset button a push button is connected to MCLR# pin anything happens during the operation. When the PIC is ON and the MCLR# pin is connected to ground RESET occurs. A 4MHz oscillator is used which is widely popular in PIC circuits due to the importance of timing and clocking. Capacitor C3 and C4 is used to filter the oscillator signal. The resistor R11 is used for current limiting. The complete pin allocation shown in table 3.03. PIN NUM. PIN NAME CONNECTION 1 MCLR Connected to reset switch and Vcc (+5V) 2 RA0 ZONE 1 3 RA1 ZONE 2 4 RA2 ZONE 3 5 RA3 ZONE 4 6 RA4 7 RA5 8 RE0 Connected to Buzzer 9 RE1 Connected to Buzzer 10 RE2 11 VDD Vcc (+5V) 12 GND Ground 13 OSC1 Connected to 4MHz Oscillator 14 OSC2 Connected to 4MHz Oscillator 15 RC0 ZONE 5 16 RC1 ZONE 2 17 RC2 ZONE 7 18 RC3 ZONE 8 19 RD0 Connected to LCD pin 11 20 RD1 Connected to LCD pin 12 21 RD2 Connected to LCD pin 13 22 RD3 Connected to LCD pin 14 23 RC4 24 RC5 25 RC6 Connected to MAX 232 26 RC7 Connected to MAX 232 27 RD4 Connected to LCD pin 4 28 RD5 Connected to LCD pin 6 29 RD6 30 RD7 Connected to output 31 VSS Connected to ground 32 VDD Connected to VCC (+5V) 33 RB0 Connected to Keypad pin 1 34 RB1 Connected to Keypad pin 2 35 RB2 Connected to Keypad pin 3 36 RB3 Connected to Keypad pin 4 37 RB4 Connected to Keypad pin 5 38 RB5 Connected to Keypad pin 6 39 RB6 Connected to Keypad pin 7 40 RB7 Connected to Keypad pin 8 Table 3.03: The PIC16F877P pin allocation 4.1.2 Power supply module Figure 3.04: Voltage regulator used in system Designing a power supply module will be more complex and heavy as it consist of a step down transformer. By considering the fact, the required input voltage is supplied directly from a 9V battery. The figure 3.04 is the voltage regulator LM 7805 used to regulate the 9V input voltage from the battery. The 9V voltage will be step down and regulate to 5V.The output obtain from this power supply circuit are 9V (V+) and 5V (Vcc) DC voltage. These voltages value are based on the requirement of each module especially PIC 16F877P.The capacitor 220 µF is a bypass capacitor used for filtering the regulated voltage. The output voltage of this module will be supplied to PIC 16F877P, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and MAX 232. 4.1.3 Serial Port communication Figure 3.05: The serial port communication component In the serial port communication shown above, MAX 232 is connected in between modem and the circuit to work as buffer .It works by shifting the signal voltage level according to the requirement. The connection is figure above are based on the datasheet. The serial port pin 3(Tx) in RS 232 is connected with MAX 232 T1 OUTPUT which is pin 14.This connection is used to transmit data from modem to microcontroller. Hence the serial port pin 2(Rx) in RS 232 is connected with MAX 232 R1 IN input pin 13.The purpose of connection is for receiving data from microcontroller to modem. The capacitors are chosen as 10 µF and not 1 µF as stated in datasheet because the value worked well when testing was done. 4.1.4 LCD Figure 3.06: The LCD used in the system The LCD is used to display the status of the GSM Zone based Security System. The type of LCD used is a 16 character line length in two line version JHD162A series LCD, which conform to a standard interface specification. Pins 1 and 2 are the power supply lines, whereby pin 1 is connected to ground and pin 2 to Vcc (+5V). Pin 3 is a control pin, which is used to alter the contrast of the display. This pin is connected to a variable resistor to alter the contrast by altering the resistance value. Pin 4 is the register select (RS line) connected to pin 27 of PIC 16F877P .Pin5 which will be the Read/Write line is connected with pin 3 of LCD itself. Where else the pin 6 which function as enable line connected to pin 28 of PIC 16F877P.The data line pin 11 to 14 of LCD is connected with pin 19,pin20,pin21 and pin 22 of PIC 16F877P. 4.1.5 Relay Figure 3.07: Relay used in the system Relay are devices which allow low power circuits to control the high circuits or instruments. Figure 3.07 shows the basic relay driver circuits used in GSM Zone based Security System. A 9V DC voltage been feed through the coil. A NPN BC547 transistor is being used to control the relay. The transistor is turn ON when the signal is feed through the pin 30 of the PIC. Once the transistor turns ON it will turn ON the relay. A diode IN4148 is connected across the relay coil to protect the transistor. 4.1.6 Software Architecture The PIC used in the system is programmed by using the C language. C language is one of the several programmer language commonly used to create a list of instruction to control the system. Figure 3.08 shows the flow of the constructed program in this project. As what has been discussed in chapter 2.3 the C language need to go through the compiling stage before being stored in the PIC. The MIKRO C compiler is used to compile the program of the system. Hence, the compiled program will be stored in PIC by using the PIC KIT 2 programmer. The compiling and storing process will be show in detail in appendices. Figure 3.08: Flow of the program in the intruder system 4.1.6 PCB Schematic Layout Fig 4.3.1 PCB Schematic Layout

The Role Of The U.s. In The Third World In The Year 2000 :: essays research papers

The Role of the U.S. in the Third World in the Year 2000   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States budget will continue to tighten and we must better utilize our dollars spent on Third World aid. The questions of illegal immigration, the population explosion, and environmental issues will become vital to our future. With closer linkage of US aid to these issues we can get the most bang for our buck.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The best way to stop illegal immigration into the United States is not to erect higher fences at our borders, but to invest in the third world, primarily Mexico. Providing jobs at home where they enjoy life without worry about the INS is the best solution. This solution will be cheaper than increasing funding for border patrols and INS personnel. If we were able to keep most illegal immigrates home, the more impoverished they would become and the greater the incentive for them to cross the border. By investing and improving their homeland, more people would stay home, rather than take the dangerous journey to an unknown country to provide food for their families.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slowing down population rates of third world countries must be another priority. Empowering women in third world countries, giving them independence from their husband and a choice in birth control is a start. Smaller grants similar to Foundation of the Philippine Environment can reward particular actions of foreign government, whether it be environmental, social or economic. Too many of current policies are aimed at creating markets for our commercial interests.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We must also link aid with environmental issues, making the rain forest and jungles more profitable to locals without bulldozing them. This has been demonstrated in Uganda with the mountain gorillas. Eco-tourism is helping the local economies and the national governments. This was also working in Rwanda until Civil War tore this country apart. Fortunately the mountain gorillas have been left alone for the most part, since this was their third largest income provider and the number one and two sources, coffee and tea fields were destroyed during the war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Worldwide instant communication has improved human rights. The use of fax machines and cell telephones during the Tiananmen Square uprising informed the world of events and somewhat restrained the Chinese. Dan Rather doing the evening news from the Square while the protests were happening prevented the massacre from being ignored. The advent of CNN has put instant news into the hands of people all over the world.

Jewish society Essay

Bread Givers offers an insight into the life of Jews, particularly Jewish women during the early 1900s. This semi-fiction is a journey of the then Jewish settlers in virgin America. The plot is interwoven with a number of conflicts common in that era. Anzia Yezierska has beautifully penned a story about the life of a Jewish woman, her two sisters and her parents; how she carries the burden of being the bread earner of the family, and yet have all her decisions made by her father. The book shows us many facets of the lives of the Jewish settlers in the early 1900s. Through its themes it showcases the many roles the Jewish people especially the women, had to live up to after their immigration into the United States. In this era, general law in the Jewish society was that the man had the final say in everything . which was evident from the fact that Reb Smolinsky was able to thrash every single one of his daughters romances. If we follow the life of Sara we will see that gender roles in this era were evidently changing, as Sara made her own decisions and lived her own life. However, society did not accept this change and at the end of the day she was nothing more than an outcast. It’s ironic that at the end of the day happiness only came to her after she had found Hugo. Looming over the heads of the females in this era was the conflict between generations. We see that â€Å"family† keeps the girls from running away and doing what they want in life. According to old traditions, males dominate the decisions as per tradition. But here we see the youngest of the three sisters, Sara rebelling against these traditions and going against the tide and doing what she believes in and not what the generations have taught her. An unavoidable situation arises and the weight of expectation pushes Sara into taking her father into her own home. Hugo, her fiance, sees only the community belief of what is expected of them and takes their father in without question. Despite how far she has come, the life her culture requires and expects is still waiting for her, ready to take advantage of the slightest slip. As the story evolves, we see how each of the three sisters’ grows up and longs for a man in her life. However, their course in life shows a sharp contrast between their expectations and reality. After they are married, Eternal happiness and satisfaction eludes them while the actions of their male counterparts slap them in the face and bring them back to reality. We can see that each of the girls thinks marriage or in Sara’s case, achieving her goals would solve their problems, but it turns out it isn’t the magical solution they thought it would be. Bessie and Fania get married, only to face the fact that life wasn’t all rosy and carefree as they thought it would be. When Sara gives her own room on rent, she visualizes about how amazing and enriching it will be, only to find herself greatly longing for someone to talk to. In essence all three have set ideas of love in their minds and later on realize just how different real life really is. The book showcases entire generations that moved to America. It was the golden time of opportunity and the part that the Jewish women played in society is of phenomenal interest. Bibliography Takaki, Ronald. , A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America (New York: Little, Brown & Co. , 1993), 508 pages Gjerde, John. , ed. Major Problems in American Immigration and Ethnic History: Documents and Essays. (Cengage Learning, 1998) Jacobs, Harriet. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861, rep. 2001). Reimers, David. Unwelcome Strangers. (New York : Columbia University Press, c1998). Yezierska, Anzia. Breadgivers. (1925)

Sase study on target disaster in Sanada Essay

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Globalisation had an increasingly significant impact on international marketing. As the cost and complexity of operating in overseas market has been reduces by globalisation, more and more markets are now becoming open to international organization. This system has resulted into increased market competition which in turn increasing the importance of effective international marketing. Most of the companies want to explore themselves in international market rather than becoming a player in a long held domestic market. All in all, this paper aims at explaining and defining the strategies through which international organizations can adapt to the ever changing environment, tastes and preferences of customers and policies through which the company can ensure successful business operations in the global market. . In order to capture international market, the Target Corporation also enter into Canada to attract more and more buyers as a result more profits. Despite target being a successful player in neighbour country of America, but fails to attract customers in Canada. Target got so many big competitors in Canada and competes with traditional and off-price general merchandise retailers, apparel retailers, internet retailers, wholesale clubs, category specific retailers, drug stores, supermarkets and other forms of retail commerce. Target fails to explore itself in canada which can be easily seen by understanding the case study of TARGET DISASTER CANADA. BACKGROUND: In 1881, native New Yorker George D. Dayton decides to explore the growing Midwest markets. After many years in banking and real estate, Dayton decides Minneapolis offers the strongest opportunities for growth. He purchases land on Nicollet Avenue and forms the Dayton Dry Goods Company–today, known as Target Corporation. He became a partner in Goodfellow’s Dry Goods Company, the fourth largest department store in Minneapolis, Minn. The following year, showing greater involvement, Dayton took sole ownership of the store and became the first President of the newly named Dayton Dry Goods Company. In 1911 because of the rapid growth, The Dayton Company reflected its wide  assortment of goods and services. It was started to be known as Dayton’s department store. On May 1, 1962, Target’s first store was opened with a grand opening in Roseville, Minn. It was taken as a new idea in discount stores. Target distinguished itself from other retail stores by joining many of the best department store’s features like fashion, quality and services with low prices. By the end of 1962, Target opened its additional locations in St. Louis Park, Crystal and Duluth, Minn. In 1966 Target opened its first stores outside Minnesota in the Denver metro area. In 1969 Dayton Corporation seams forces with the J.L. Hudson Company of Detroit to create the Dayton-Hudson Corporation. The two companies had parallel merchandising values of promise to outstanding corporate governance. After the merger they establishes the corporation as one of the 15 largest non-food retailers in the nation. In 1975 Target Stores becomes the No. 1 revenue manufacturer of the Dayton-Hudson Corporation. In the mid-1980s, manufacturers began to test and implemented the UPC bar-code packaging technology. In 1988, Target became the first form of merchandiser to present UPC scanning at all Target stores and Delivery Centres In July 2001 Target Stores licensed a main landmark as a national retailer after opening its 1,000th store. Guests were having 1000 reasons to celebrate with a greater selection of style and value in more locations. 2004 Associated Merchandising Company is renamed Target Sourcing Services. In 2005 For the first time, Target exceeds $50 billion in annual sales and In 2007 Target Corporation presents the Target Check Card. In 2013 continuing the tradition of Target’s strategy philosophy that great design should be reasonable and reachable to all Target Canada teams up with its first VENTURING IN INTERNATIONAL MARKET There are numerous factors that urged Target to go worldwide and expand its business operations outside the Australia. One factor can be that Target had reached its maximum in U.S and there was no further room for improvement and expansion and competition was very high. Target Canada’s main rival in the  discount store category was Walmart; while there was also competition with supermarket chains such as Loblaw’s, Metro, and Sobeys (despite having an agreement with said grocer), and other retailers such as Costco, Sears Canada, Canadian Tire, and Shoppers Drug Mart. One concept that Target had while going in Canada was that it had winning strategies because of which it succeeded in U.S and it will achieve success in any part of world. Target opened first store in Canada in 2013 and within one year it successfully expanded to 130 stores in all over Canada. The local success factor of Target was its economical prices as cost advantage is the major part of its strategy, Cost advantage strategy is company’s ability to lower its cost base by low-cost labor, low-cost sourcing, economies of scale in production, efficiency (Lasserre, 2012). Large volume sales, and the supply chain was also excellent but this was normal because U.S was the home for target and these factors were easily controllable by Target. But in Canada it was not so efficient in its operations because of transportation costs, distribution costs and the fuel costs were higher, wage rates vary across the country, the tax rates are different, cost of goods are different. The approach of Canadians plus their culture mostly favors the medium, and small sized retailers who know inside out of the complex labor laws, the distribution systems that are multi layered and restricted business hours in the country but even though they have big retailers like K-Mart as well. It was difficult for Target to succeed in Canada because they didn’t study the Canadian preferences and culture in depth and one main factor can be the low commitment of the expatriates. Target usually focus on its low prices and have an edge because of that but in Canada this thing didnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t worked much because of the fact that Canadians when they were buying low priced products they were concerned about the quality of the product they were buying and its also not so easy to trust a new business chain easily. ENTRY IN CANADIAN MARKET Targets entry into Canada became a game changing event for Canadian retailing, and shook the industry to its very foundations. On January 13, 2011, the announcement was made that within two years of time, Target Corporation is entering into Canadian market for the first time. The target corp took over Canadian leases for zellers stores owned by hudson’s bay co,  one of the north America oldest company. The lease agreement was signed between target corporation and hudson’s bay co of leasing up to 220 zellers stores for C$1.825 billion. Target opens its first Canadian store in March 2013 by acquiring the leaseholds of 189 locations with intent to use 125 stores of these sites to open target stores. Further, target management anticipated that by 2017, the Canadian target chain will grew into more than 150 stores. The first store of target was opened in the Toronto area and their entry had change Canadian retail and the Canadian real estate industry, from coast to coast. The strategy of target while entering into Canada was not a unique strategy. It was simply unprecedented for a retailer to come to Canada and open so many stores at once but target successfully executed its strategy correctly. Target management team expected to get more than CAD $6 billion from its annual sales in Canada. Target acquired its warehouse located near Quebec border near Calgary. Target hired eleven points’ logistics and a subsidiary of Pittsburgh based Genco, to run its three warehouses in Canada. Each warehouse covers around 1.5 million square feet which is almost similar to 26 American football fields In Canada, Target main rivals in the discount store category were Walmart and Costco as well as competition with supermarket chains such as Loblaw’s, Metro, and Sobeys. The consumers were pretty excited about target stores coming to Canada but target’s opening disappointed consumers as Canadian shoppers were met with empty shelves, higher prices and different labels. Target acquired existing sites from Canadian discount retailer sellers and since the stores were not built with Target in mind, there were quirks, such as apparel being on the second floor of a store while the dressing room was on the ground floor. (Karabus, 2014) PROBLEMS IN CANADA: Retailers setting up operations in Canada are quickly learning it isn’t as easy as packing a bag and heading north. (G. Krystina, 2014). Following are some major problems pointed out by us, 1 The supply chain disaster When target was opening its first store in Canada, the chief executive, Gregg Steinhafel told its investors that he was happy the way his workers and systems were handling the launch. But things were way different from what  everyone expected. The major problem was found in the supply chain as goods reached the warehouses very quickly but were unable to reach the stores as there was a mismatching between the barcodes on the items and that on the computer system. For instance, when the shirts arrived and checked 12 shirts per box, the system was showing 24. The cause of such errors is not clear. As a result of the inconsistency between the goods and the computer, the goods in the stores were piled up thus leading to a chain reaction of delays. The target canda story will go down in history books as on eof the great supply chain disasters of Canadian history. (M. Allison, H. Solarina & T. Susan, 2014) 2 The adoption of U.S store culture Target Canada has been described as a â€Å"botched† effort to foolishly run a Canadian operation with American executives. A management level employee from target Canada stated in a report that the expatriates or the international assignees were sent by the United States for a limited period to help in the setting up of the stores and how to team for success. On the contrary, the assignees were found as obstacles instead of guides. Canada is demographically and regionally different from United States on a large scale. The expatriates adapted the same U.S store culture rather for team members and customers rather than adapting according to the Canadian tastes and culture. Stores were left with empty shelves; the managers restrained the employees from refilling them. Items which were required could not be found and the items which were in less demand were available in abundance. For example, Barbie SUV’s. basic items like milk, food or consumables which were always in de mand were never available in the stores. 3 The inventory and distribution problem Another major problem was the store inventory and the distribution of the right product required or needed by a store. There were 3 national distribution centres to service the requirement and demands of around 124 stores. The stores had no idea what was loaded in trucks and what was present at the distribution centres. The employees used to open a 54 foot trailer and would be scared whether the product required was present or not in the truck. To their bad luck, the product what was required, was never found in the trucks. Therefore, the stores had to stock and fill the backrooms. 4 Failure to compel to change their habits Target failed to change the shopping habits of the customers. The stores couldn’t compel to attract the customers with the items which were present in the stores. For example, items like milk, eggs and bacon could not be replaced with apparel. The customers got highly dissatisfied as what they were looking for was never found in the stores. 5 Reduction of staff Another major problem faced was the significant reduction in the staff by the target headquarters in U.S around 40% of the staff was said â€Å"goodbye† by the senior leaders. Canadian culture emphasis more on customer service rather then self-service. Slowly and slowly the staff started moving out as they were not satisfied with their jobs and also had a fear of being terminated anytime. Now the requirement for the best retail talent was undertaken. 6 Deadline to open stores Another major problem faced by target was the renovation of 124 stores and that too in one years’ time as all the major landlords did not allow to close the stores for such a long time. With unfurnished stores and stiffed penalties, there was a deadline to make the stores fully operational. Therefore, seed were sown way before even the opening of first store was done. CONCLUSION Target Canada is an unmitigated disaster. From the customers to investors to the company’s executive agree about the wrong strategies followed by Target. In the second quarter, Target lost around US$200 million. Target was having a tough competition with Walmart and Costco. Canadian used to cross the border into the United States on shopping excursions, Target was a prime destination but when it came to Canada the magic somehow vanished. The main reason why customers do not prefer to go into target stores in Canada was the pricing policy as well as supply chain delays by Target. The consumers who had already shopped at target stores in the U.S anticipated the same low price but the prices of the newly open target in Canada outlets were higher than in the U.S target. In justification to pricing policy, the management said that the prices are higher because of higher rates for transformation,  wages, taxes, duties, and cost of goods. Whereas the same goods and products are off ered by the competitor at comparatively low prices. The cause of target’s stumble in its first foreign excursion is the wrong policies of opening 124 stores in a new market within months. Most foreign retailers launch with a smaller number of stores that’s where Target took on a very big challenge which leads to its failure. Inventory problem have often lead to empty shelves and many of the stylish, exclusive brands what Canadian see in target’s American stores did not come to Canada. Moreover, the announcement regarding arrival of the target in Canada was made 2 years before so the competitors had enough time to plan their strategies accordingly. Analysis 1. Unable to understand the Canadian tastes and culture The target failed to understand and appreciate that though Canada and u.s. are closely related but there was a huge difference between the tastes and the culture. This means that the company should have understood the culture, the likes and dislikes and the do’s and don’ts of Canadian people rather than assuming that what tastes and culture is going in U.S, will go the same way in Canada too. It is hard for target to succeed in Canada until and unless it does not understand its culture. This could be seen there was a loss of 1 billion dollars in the very first year. 2. Failed to carry risk analysis The company failed to carry the risk analysis and opened 124 stores in one go. It was a huge risk which it carried. Target should have a different strategy before entering in Canadian markets. The customer demands, pricing polies, differences in the wages, all these factors should have been kept in mind before venturing in Canada. Moreover, the renovation of 124 stores and that too in such a short period of one year was a major risk which the company took. 3. Supply chain failure The company faced a major problem in the supply chain, what was needed was not available. The mismatching of the barcodes and the computer systems, etc, was a major hurdle in letting the products goes to the right place. Demand was more and supply was equally there but of the products which were not required. Tonnes of products were kept in the backrooms with empty shelves in the stores. This led to customer dissatisfaction as the customers never found what they wanted. Target tried to change the customer’s tastes by offering products which could not be used on daily basis but gradually it failed. RECOMMENDATIONS In order to get successful in Canada, the Target corporation has not focus on its new entry strategy in the country. Joint Ventures or Acquisitions One entry strategy that the company can think off in order to capture major share in retail market is joint venture or mergers and acquisition with other retail companies. A joint venture is a business agreement in which different companies deal with each other and agree to come up with new asset or entity by giving mutual equity. It basically means that company will share the assets, expenses and revenues of the company. The other policy is merger and acquisition. Acquisition basically means an act of acquiring an existing company and recognizing its own. On the other hand merger means combining forces with another company and seeing it as one. This strategy can act well for Target as this company’s already exist there and The attitude of Target plus their culture only favours the medium, and small sized retailers who know inside out of the complex labour laws, the distribution systems , the supply chain that are multi layered and restricted business hours in the country. Thi s would limit the risks associated in entering a new environment as the existing company are already familiar with it and can initiate the company in the new environment. Environmental and Strategic Analysis Tools In order to get successful, the other factor that target corporation must consider is to take a complete environmental analysis on the whole country. Studying about the environmental analysis of the country is important as it it helps in analysing, determining the strategies, risk associated in entrering that country, political economical and social well-being of the country. Moreover it also helps in analysing the tastes and preferences of the customers. In Canada, most of the year is cold so demand for warm clothes and warm products will be preferable. The target corporation needs to work out on the pricing strategy. Pricing policy is an act of the company by which they determines the wholesale and retail prices for its product or services. A good pricing strategy is the one which aims at optimise prices for the products typically including overall marketing objectives, consumer demand, product attributes, competitors pricing and market and economic trends. The Target Corporation needs to look on all these issues as the foremost reason of failure of target was higher prices of products in Canada than America. In order to capture market of Canada, the company can make use of strategic analysis tool i.e. PESTEL. Its meaning is analysing the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal environmental factors which affect the growth and establishment of the company. Another tool which company can use to get triumphant and to get desired result or profits is using the policy or theory of SWOT. Basically, SWOT recognize the strengths, weaknesse s, opportunities and threats of entering into a new country and identifies both internal and external factors affecting an organization. REFERENCES: Butler, H. N. (1988). Corporation-Specific Anti-Takeover Statutes and the Market for Corporate Charters. Wis. L. Rev., 365 Contemporary strategic management: an Australasian perspective. Brisbane: Wiley. Lasserre, P. (2012). Global strategic management (3rd ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillian. Oster, S. M. (1999). Danbolt, J. (2004). Target Company Cross†border Effects in Acquisitions into the UK. European Financial Management, 10(1), 83-108. Forsey, M., Davies, S., & Walford, G. (2008). The Globalisation of School Choice?. In Symposium Books. Symposium Books. PO Box 204, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 9ZQ, UK. (G. Krystina, 2014) (Karabus, 2014) (M. Allison, H. Solarina & T. Susan, 2014) Mayrhofer, U. (2004). International market entry: does the home country affect entry-mode decisions?. Journal of International Marketing, 12(4), 71-96.